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2550 Garcia AvenueMountain View, CA 94043 USA415 960-1300 fax 415 969-9131A Sun Microsystems, Inc. BusinessSunFDDI/P™1.0AdapterUser’sGuidePart No.: 80

x SunFDDI/P1.0Adapter User’sGuide—May1997FDDI Network Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50Physical Medium Depe

74 SunFDDI/P1.0 AdapterUser’sGuide—May19977ConcentratorswithDual-HomingFigure 7-3 shows two dual-attached stations connected to two dual-attachedconce

FDDINetworkTopologies 757AdvantagesDual-homing offers the same advantages as a standalone concentrator,described on page 72. It also offers improved r

76 SunFDDI/P1.0 AdapterUser’sGuide—May19977Figure 7-5 Hierarchical Tree of ConcentratorsAdvantagesThe tree of concentrators configuration offers many

FDDINetworkTopologies 777DisadvantagesThis configuration suffers from the same disadvantages as the standaloneconcentrator, described on page 72. The

78 SunFDDI/P1.0 AdapterUser’sGuide—May19977The dual-ring, and the concentrators attached to it directly, are called the maindistribution frame. Only o

FDDINetworkTopologies 797MixedFDDI/EthernetNetworksThis section concentrates on the implementation of mixed FDDI/Ethernetnetworks. The same principles

80 SunFDDI/P1.0 AdapterUser’sGuide—May19977Figure 7-7 Basic Mixed FDDI/Ethernet TopologyATreeofConcentratorsinanEthernetNetworkA tree of concentrators

FDDINetworkTopologies 817ARingofTreesinanEthernetNetworkA ring of trees of the type described on page 77 is attached to an Ethernetnetwork by connecti

82 SunFDDI/P1.0 AdapterUser’sGuide—May19977Figure 7-10 Routing in an FDDI/Ethernet InternetworkFor example, in the FDDI/Ethernet internetwork shown in

FDDINetworkTopologies 837To avoid this situation, set up a static route that forces the traffic between jilland judy to pass over the FDDI link; howev

Contents xiDisadvantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Tree of Concentrators. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

84 SunFDDI/P1.0 AdapterUser’sGuide—May19977

85UsingtheSunFDDINetworkUtilities8This chapter describes the network utilities of SunFDDI/P.Throughout this chapter, it is assumed that you have insta

86 SunFDDI/P1.0 AdapterUser’sGuide—May19978ChangingtheDefaultMACAddress(pf_macid)Each attachment to an FDDI network is identified by a unique 48-bit M

UsingtheSunFDDI Network Utilities 878a. Edit the /etc/rcS.d/S30rootusr.sh file to add the following ifstatement immediately after the ifconfig command

88 SunFDDI/P1.0 AdapterUser’sGuide—May19978The pf_stat utility displays information using column headings that conformto SMT revision 7.3, which diffe

UsingtheSunFDDI Network Utilities 898InterpretingLocalStatisticsRunning the pf_stat utility without the —m option displays information aboutthe variou

90 SunFDDI/P1.0 AdapterUser’sGuide—May19978Table 8-1 lists the states that may be returned by pf_stat under the ECMheading.RMT(RingManagement)RMT show

UsingtheSunFDDI Network Utilities 918PCM(PhysicalConnectionManagement)PCM shows the current state of the Physical Connection Management statemachine t

92 SunFDDI/P1.0 AdapterUser’sGuide—May19978The normal sequence of PCM states leading to a fully synchronized connectionand incorporation of the port i

UsingtheSunFDDI Network Utilities 938RecvP (ReceivePackets)Running pf_stat without an interval and count displays the total number ofpackets received

xii SunFDDI/P1.0Adapter User’sGuide—May1997▼ To Install the Standard SNM Agents on a Client. . . . . . 104▼ To Install the FDDI Schemas on a Client .

94 SunFDDI/P1.0 AdapterUser’sGuide—May19978• The minimum interval of one second is not fast enough to recover anddisplay the complete sequence of PCM

UsingtheSunFDDI Network Utilities 958InterpretingStatisticsfromNeighboring StationsRunning the pf_stat utility with the —m option displays information

96 SunFDDI/P1.0 AdapterUser’sGuide—May19978not indicate the location of the cause of the error. Frequent error frames canindicate a noise problem on t

UsingtheSunFDDI Network Utilities 978ExampleNeighborStatisticsThe following output was recovered from a single-attached station using thecommand shown

98 SunFDDI/P1.0 AdapterUser’sGuide—May19978MonitoringSMTFrames(pf_smtmon)The pf_smtmon(1M) utility is an active monitor that displays the SMT framesre

UsingtheSunFDDI Network Utilities 998♦ To display the SMT frames received by interface pf1 in hexadecimalformat, type:# <basedir>/pf_smtmon -i p

100 SunFDDI/P1.0Adapter User’sGuide—May19978SMTFrameClassesandTypesSMT frames are used for peer-to-peer (station-to-station) management. Theyare divid

UsingtheSunFDDI Network Utilities 1018ESF(ExtendedServiceFrame)These frames are implementation dependent. An ESF frame can be anannouncement, a reques

102 SunFDDI/P1.0Adapter User’sGuide—May19978

103ManagingFDDIStationsUsingSunNetManager9This chapter describes how to configure and start the SunNet Manager agentsfor SunFDDI/P on your machine. It

Contents xiiiGlossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141Index . . . . . . . . . .

104 SunFDDI/P1.0Adapter User’sGuide—May19979InstallingtheSunNetManagerAgentsYou must install a SunNet Manager console (or management application) onyo

ManagingFDDIStations Using SunNetManager 1059▼ To Install the FDDI Schemas on a ClientUse pf_install_agents to install the SunNet Manager agents forSu

106 SunFDDI/P1.0Adapter User’sGuide—May199795. Specify the current location of the SunFDDI/P schemas.This is the base directory under which you instal

ManagingFDDIStations Using SunNetManager 1079▼ To Share pf_install_agents From a Client1. On the client machine, ensure that the NFS and mount daemons

108 SunFDDI/P1.0Adapter User’sGuide—May19979• On the console machine, the schemas must be installed in the directory/opt/SUNWconn/snm/agents. The pf_i

ManagingFDDIStations Using SunNetManager 1099ManagingFDDINetworkswithSunNetManagerFor detailed information on how to use SunNet Manager to manage thev

110 SunFDDI/P1.0Adapter User’sGuide—May19979UsingtheSunFDDI/PLocalAgent(pf_fddi)The SunFDDI/P local agent (pf_fddi) responds to SNM requests from thec

ManagingFDDIStations Using SunNetManager 1119▼ To Gather Neighbor Station StatisticsUse the SunFDDI/P local agent to recover a snapshot of the current

112 SunFDDI/P1.0Adapter User’sGuide—May19979▼ To Use the SunFDDI/P Proxy Agent (pf_fddismt7_2)The SunFDDI/P proxy agent (pf_fddismt7_2) responds to SN

ManagingFDDIStations Using SunNetManager 1139▼ To Gather Information from the Proxy AgentUse the SunFDDI/P proxy agent to recover SMT information from

xiv SunFDDI/P1.0Adapter User’sGuide—May1997

114 SunFDDI/P1.0Adapter User’sGuide—May19979InterpretingTrapsandErrorsOne of the most important functions of the SunNet Manager agent forSunFDDI/P is

ManagingFDDIStations Using SunNetManager 1159The trap reports in Figure 9-7 were generated when a single-attached stationwas reconnected to the ring.F

116 SunFDDI/P1.0Adapter User’sGuide—May19979The trap report in Figure 9-8 was generated by the upstream neighbor when adual-attached station connected

ManagingFDDIStations Using SunNetManager 1179MACAddressFormatsThe MAC address can be represented in one of two formats:• Canonical format• Ring format

118 SunFDDI/P1.0Adapter User’sGuide—May19979

119DevelopingApplicationsthatRunoverSunFDDI/P10This chapter describes how to develop your own applications running overSunFDDI/P networks. It assumes

120 SunFDDI/P1.0Adapter User’sGuide—May199710DevelopingApplicationswithDLPIThe Data Link Provider Interface (DLPI) version 2 enables any data link use

DevelopingApplicationsthat Run overSunFDDI/P 12110DLPI primitives are defined in terms of STREAMS messages. All DLPImessages are either type M_PROTO o

122 SunFDDI/P1.0Adapter User’sGuide—May199710DLPIAddressingDLPI addressing is implemented as a DLSAP (data link service access point)address. Each DLS

DevelopingApplicationsthat Run overSunFDDI/P 12310Note that the value dl_sap_length is set to minus 2, which indicates that theSAP is 2 bytes beyond t

xvFiguresFigure 2-1 Aligning SC-Type Fiber Optic Cable Connectors. . . . . . . . . . . 6Figure 2-2 Cleaning the End of a Fiber Optic Cable . . . . . .

124 SunFDDI/P1.0Adapter User’sGuide—May199710

125SettingUpServersandDisklessClients11This chapter describes how to set up a server so that you can boot and rundiskless clients across an FDDI netwo

126 SunFDDI/P1.0Adapter User’sGuide—May199711SettingUpaServerandDisklessClientsWhen you set up a Solaris 2.5.1 Hardware: 4/97 server so that it can ex

SettingUpServers andDisklessClients 12711▼ To Set Up a ServerFollow these steps to set up a server to boot diskless clients across an FDDIconnection:1

128 SunFDDI/P1.0Adapter User’sGuide—May1997113. Click SELECT on the Host Manager icon to display the Select NamingService window.4. Click SELECT on th

SettingUpServers andDisklessClients 129115. Click SELECT on Apply to display the Host Manager window.6. Press MENU on the Edit menu button and choose

130 SunFDDI/P1.0Adapter User’sGuide—May1997117. Press MENU on the Client Type menu button, drag and release MENU todisplay the defaults for diskless c

SettingUpServers andDisklessClients 1311111. Specify the root and swap paths.By default, these paths are set to /export/root and /export/swap.Ifyou ch

132 SunFDDI/P1.0Adapter User’sGuide—May199711▼ To Update the NIS ServerIf you are running NIS, you must update the NIS map on the NIS servermanually.

SettingUpServers andDisklessClients 13311InstallingtheSunFDDI/PDriverforaDisklessClientAfter you have created the export file systems under /export/ro

xvi SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997Figure 7-2 Basic Dual-Ring Network with Two Faults. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71Figure 7-3 Standalo

134 SunFDDI/P1.0Adapter User’sGuide—May1997113. At the boot prompt, type the show-nets command to get a list of possibleinterfaces.A listing similar t

135FrequentlyAskedQuestionsAboutSunFDDIAThis appendix contains the responses to some of the most frequently askedquestions about SunFDDI/P. It also co

136 SunFDDI/P1.0Adapter User’sGuide—May1997A• Can I use SunFDDI/P 1.0 in a redundant single-attached station (RSAS)configuration?No. This configuratio

FrequentlyAskedQuestionsAboutSunFDDI 137A• Why do I get the error message “duplicate address”or“duplicatemacid”?By default, the first SunFDDI/P interf

138 SunFDDI/P1.0Adapter User’sGuide—May1997ATo disable the Ethernet interface so that it is not reconfigured when youreboot the machine, change the na

FrequentlyAskedQuestionsAboutSunFDDI 139A• Does SunFDDI/P Dual incorporate an optical bypass?No. You must order an optical bypass switch from a third-

140 SunFDDI/P1.0Adapter User’sGuide—May1997A

141GlossaryThis glossary defines FDDI-related acronyms, abbreviations, and terms.ARP(Address Resolution Protocol). A protocol used within local networ

142 SunFDDI/P1.0Adapter User’sGuide—May1997CMT(connection management). The portion of the FDDI SMT that manages theoperation of physical layer inserti

Glossary 143LLC(Logical Link Control). Local area network protocol functions corresponding tothe OSI data link layer (layer 2), but providing only ser

xviiTablesTable 5-1 Problems Installing SunFDDI/P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Table 5-2 Problems Running SunFDDI/P. . . . . . .

144 SunFDDI/P1.0Adapter User’sGuide—May1997RARP(Reverse Address Resolution Protocol). A protocol used by diskless machines andtheir servers within loc

Glossary 145TRT(Token Rotation Timer). A timer in the FDDI MAC protocol that measures thetime between receipt of tokens. It expires when it reaches a

146 SunFDDI/P1.0Adapter User’sGuide—May1997

147IndexSymbols//www.sun.com, xxiv/cdrom/sun_fddip_1_0 directory, 13/etc/hosts file, 15, 22/etc/rc2.d directory, 21/etc/system file, 30Numerics802.3 n

148 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997commandsadd_drv,39getsockopt,29ifconfig, 18, 36mount_hsfs,13ndd, 27, 28netstat,18ping,18pkgadd, 13, 14,

Index 149EECF, 100echo frames, 100ECM, 89efficiency, 24efficient use of bandwidth, 67ejecting the CD-ROM, 17electrical-bypass, 73electromagnetic radia

150 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997numbers, 4interference, 51intermediate distribution frame, 78IPaddresses, 12, 15, 36routing, 79Jjumpers

Index 151noise, causes of, 7NRZI-4B/5B, 143number of cards supported, 2, 4NVRAM—TOD chip, 3Oone-way ring, 55, 60, 71opticalbypass switch, 62, 63, 73fi

152 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997path, 74ring, 55, 57, 60priority-based traffic, 52product list, 1programming interface, 119proxy agent,

Index 153simple network managementprotocol, 103Sin,57single-attachedconcentrator (SAC), 56, 58station (SAS), 1, 34, 56single-mode fiber, 51SMF, single

xviii SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997

154 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997rotation timer, 66Token Ring, 65total ring length, 24traffic, 52transceiver unit, 6transfer rate, 66tra

Reader Comment CardYourcomments and suggestions areimportant tous. Please letus know whatyou think about the SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide, part

xixPrefaceThe SunFDDI/P™ 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide describes how to turn yoursystem into an FDDI station attached to an FDDI network. It is intended fo

PleaseRecycleCopyright1997SunMicrosystems,Inc.2550GarciaAvenue,MountainView,California94043-1100U.S.A.Allrightsreserved.Thisproductordocumentisprotect

xx SunFDDI/P1.0Adapter User’sGuide—May1997The connector type has been changed for SunFDDI/P to an SC-type connector.If you are connecting the SunFDDI/

Preface xxiChapter 9, “Managing FDDI Stations Using SunNet Manager,” describeshow to install the SunNet Manager agents for SunFDDI/P and how to set up

xxii SunFDDI/P1.0Adapter User’sGuide—May1997TypographicConventionsThe following table describes the typographic changes used in this book.ShellPrompts

Preface xxiiiRelatedDocumentsFor a more detailed description of FDDI technology and the relevant FDDIprotocols, see these documents:OrderingSunDocumen

xxiv SunFDDI/P1.0Adapter User’sGuide—May1997GettingHelpFor technical assistance in the United States, call 1-800-872-4786.To get the latest patches an

Part1 — InstallingandConfiguringSunFDDI/P

1SunFDDI/POverview1This chapter describes the Sun FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface)implementation of the FDDI protocols, including a list of the

2 SunFDDI/P1.0AdapterUser’sGuide—May19971• Provides connection to multimode fiber (SunFDDI/P and SunFDDI/P Dual)networks• Supports data transfer rates

3HardwareInstallation2This chapter tells you where to find step-by-step procedures for installing PCIcards. It describes the convention used to assign

RegulatoryComplianceStatementsYour Sun product is marked to indicate its compliance class:• Federal Communications Commission (FCC) — USA• Department

4 SunFDDI/P1.0AdapterUser’sGuide—May19972DeviceInstancesandDeviceNamesYou can install a SunFDDI/P PCI card in any available master PCI slot.SunFDDI/P

HardwareInstallation 52InstallingSunFDDI/PAdapterCardsRefer to the hardware installation manual that came with your system fordetailed instructions on

6 SunFDDI/P1.0AdapterUser’sGuide—May19972• Fiber optic cable has a limited turn radius. Do not bend it in a way thatcould damage the fiber or cause si

HardwareInstallation 72MIC-to-MICCouplerA separate MIC (Media Interface Connector) coupler is shipped with theSunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter product to support

8 SunFDDI/P1.0AdapterUser’sGuide—May19972▼ To Clean the Fiber Optic Cable1. Gently wipe the end of the ferrule with an alcohol-moistened cottonswab.Fi

HardwareInstallation 92LinkStatusIndicator(DiagnosticLED)A link status indicator is mounted on the SunFDDI/P PCI card. The color ofthe LED indicates t

10 SunFDDI/P1.0 AdapterUser’sGuide—May19972

11InstallingSunFDDI/PSoftware3This chapter assumes that you have already installed the SunFDDI/P adaptercard in your machine and that you are loading

12 SunFDDI/P1.0 AdapterUser’sGuide—May19973InstallationRequirements• Hardware and Software PlatformsSunFDDI/P is designed for Sun-4u PCI-based system

InstallingSunFDDI/PSoftware 133InstallingandConfiguringSunFDDI/PUse pkgadd(1M) to install unbundled software. See the Solaris 2.5 Software andAnswerBoo

DOCClassANotice-AvisDOC,ClasseAThis Class A digital apparatus meets all of requirements the Canadian Interference-Causing Equipment Regulations.Cet ap

14 SunFDDI/P1.0 AdapterUser’sGuide—May199733. Enter the number that corresponds to the package you want to install andpress Return. Respond to any pro

InstallingSunFDDI/PSoftware 153(See Chapter 11, “Setting Up Servers and Diskless Clients” for moreinformation on booting diskless clients across an FD

16 SunFDDI/P1.0 AdapterUser’sGuide—May19973• Type n, or press Return, if you are not using SunNet Manager to manageyour network; if you are running Su

InstallingSunFDDI/PSoftware 1731. Type y to accept the installation of files with setuid/setgid permission.If you are installing the SUNWpft package f

18 SunFDDI/P1.0 AdapterUser’sGuide—May19973• If Volume Manager (vold) is not running on your machine, unmount theCD-ROM before you eject and remove th

InstallingSunFDDI/PSoftware 193Your SunFDDI/P station should now be active, and you should be able to sendand receive data across an FDDI connection.F

20 SunFDDI/P1.0 AdapterUser’sGuide—May19973InstallingSunNetManagerAgentsforSunFDDI/PUse pf_install_agents to install the SunNet Manager agents forSunF

InstallingSunFDDI/PSoftware 2134. Specify the destination directory for the SunFDDI/P schemas.SunNet Manager looks for the schemas in the directory<

22 SunFDDI/P1.0 AdapterUser’sGuide—May19973RemovingSunFDDI/PIf you remove the SunFDDI/P hardware interfaces from your machine, youalso need to remove

23ImprovingNetworkPerformance4This chapter tells you how to optimize your FDDI network and assumes thatyou are familiar with FDDI network architecture

Declaration of ConformityCompliance ID: PCI-S10-100Product Name: SunFDDI/P SAS AdapterThis equipment complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation

24 SunFDDI/P1.0 AdapterUser’sGuide—May19974HighPerformanceFDDINetworksFDDI networks increase the potential to carry more information, rather thancreat

ImprovingNetworkPerformance 254DataThroughputImprovementThe most significant improvements in throughput are achieved by maximizingthe rate at which da

26 SunFDDI/P1.0 AdapterUser’sGuide—May19974fragmented so that they do not exceed the MTU of the Ethernet network. Somelow-cost bridges that do not sup

ImprovingNetworkPerformance 274ImprovingPerformanceThe following section describes how to modify the user-configurable networkparameters. To obtain op

28 SunFDDI/P1.0 AdapterUser’sGuide—May199743. Use ndd —set to modify the current value of the TCP high water marks(tcp_xmit_hiwat and tcp_recv_hiwat).

ImprovingNetworkPerformance 2942. Use ndd —set to modify the current value of the TCP and UDP low watermarks (tcp_xmit_lowat and udp_xmit_lowat).For o

30 SunFDDI/P1.0 AdapterUser’sGuide—May19974MTUPathDiscoveryMachines running a Solaris 2.x environment support MTU path discovery,which allows the opti

ImprovingNetworkPerformance 314▼ To Disable MTU Path DiscoveryMany bridges do not support MTU path discovery.♦ To disable this feature in order to tra

32 SunFDDI/P1.0 AdapterUser’sGuide—May19974

33TroubleshootingandDiagnostics5This chapter describes how to detect and resolve common problems with yourFDDI network. It includes instructions on ho

Declaration of ConformityCompliance ID: PCI-D10-100Product Name: SunFDDI/P DAS AdapterThis equipment complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operatio

34 SunFDDI/P1.0 AdapterUser’sGuide—May19975TroubleshootingChecklistUse the following checklist to verify the major components of yourSunFDDI/P station

Troubleshootingand Diagnostics 355• If the LED is amber, the SunFDDI/P driver is loaded, the pf interface isconfigured, but no valid line state to an

36 SunFDDI/P1.0 AdapterUser’sGuide—May19975▼ To Check the SunFDDI/P Driver♦ Use netstat(1M) to check that the SunFDDI/P (pf) driver is installedcorrec

Troubleshootingand Diagnostics 375▼ To Check the IP Routing1. Check the IP routing table using the netstat(1M) command:2. Check that the FDDI subnetwo

38 SunFDDI/P1.0 AdapterUser’sGuide—May19975♦ Use netstat(1M) to check the driver statistics:▼ To Check the SMT TrafficIf the target station is not run

Troubleshootingand Diagnostics 395SolvingCommonProblemsUse the information in Table 5-1 and Table 5-2 to diagnose and resolve some ofthe common proble

40 SunFDDI/P1.0 AdapterUser’sGuide—May19975Table 5-2 Problems Running SunFDDI/PProblem ActionThe link status indicator (diagnostic LED) remainsred.Che

Troubleshootingand Diagnostics 415Running pf_stat without the —m option (to displayinformation about the local station) shows that thering is ISOLATED

42 SunFDDI/P1.0 AdapterUser’sGuide—May19975The local station cannot reach FDDI stations locatedon a remote Ethernet network.Check that the IP address

Troubleshootingand Diagnostics 435Running pf_smtmon shows the frequent occurrenceof request denied frames (RDF).The SMT entity on one of the remote st

viiContentsPreface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xixPart 1 —Installing and Co

44 SunFDDI/P1.0 AdapterUser’sGuide—May19975RunningtheHardwareSelf-TestProgramIf you suspect that there may be a problem with the SunFDDI/P adapter car

Troubleshootingand Diagnostics 455LoadingtheDeviceDriverManuallyNormally, the SunFDDI/P device driver is loaded and configured by thepost-installation

46 SunFDDI/P1.0 AdapterUser’sGuide—May19975b. Look in the /dev directory for links to these entries:5. Create a file called /etc/hostname.pf<inst&g

Part2 — PlanningandImplementingSunFDDINetworks

49FDDINetworkArchitecture6This chapter provides a brief introduction to the Fiber Distributed DataInterface (FDDI), and the network architecture descr

50 SunFDDI/P1.0 AdapterUser’sGuide—May19976FDDINetworkModelFDDI provides high-performance, multistation networking at data transferrates of up to 100

FDDINetworkArchitecture 516PhysicalMediumDependent(PMD)LayerThis portion of the FDDI network model defines the physical medium used tocarry the encode

52 SunFDDI/P1.0 AdapterUser’sGuide—May19976MediaAccessControl(MAC)LayerThe Media Access Control layer specifies the access mechanism used totransmit a

FDDINetworkArchitecture 536At its lowest level, the SMT protocol handles connection management (CMT). Thisincludes station initialization, the inserti

viii SunFDDI/P1.0Adapter User’sGuide—May19973. Installing SunFDDI/P Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Installation Requirem

54 SunFDDI/P1.0 AdapterUser’sGuide—May19976Figure 6-2 Communication Between FDDI LayersStation management(SMT)Physical (PHY) layerMedia access control

FDDINetworkArchitecture 556FDDINetworkArchitectureA typical FDDI network is based on a dual, counter-rotating ring, as illustratedin Figure 6-3. Each

56 SunFDDI/P1.0 AdapterUser’sGuide—May19976FDDIStationsAn FDDI station is any device that can be attached to a fiber or copper twisted-pair FDDI netwo

FDDINetworkArchitecture 576Dual-AttachedStation(DAS)A dual-attached station (DAS) is attached to the FDDI network through twoconnectors called the A-p

58 SunFDDI/P1.0 AdapterUser’sGuide—May19976FDDIConcentratorsFDDI concentrators are multiplexers that attach multiple single-attachedstations to the FD

FDDINetworkArchitecture 596Dual-AttachedConcentrator(DAC)A dual-attached concentrator (DAC) is attached to the FDDI network throughtwo ports—the A-por

60 SunFDDI/P1.0 AdapterUser’sGuide—May19976FDDIFailureRecoveryOne of the primary advantages of FDDI is its ability to recover reliably fromfailures in

FDDINetworkArchitecture 616This failure recovery mechanism is only supported by dual-attached stationsand concentrators; a single-attached station con

62 SunFDDI/P1.0 AdapterUser’sGuide—May19976Figure 6-10 Dual-Attached Station in Wrap ModeOpticalBypassSwitchesStation wrapping provides effective netw

FDDINetworkArchitecture 636Figure 6-11 Dua-Ring Network Divided by Two FaultsThe maximum number of active optical bypass switches that can be connecte

Contents ixTuning the High and Low Water Marks at Boot Time. . . . . 29Tuning the Socket Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

64 SunFDDI/P1.0 AdapterUser’sGuide—May19976Figure 6-13 shows the occurrence of two different fault conditions in an FDDInetwork that includes optical

FDDINetworkArchitecture 656FDDIRingOperationTwo types of traffic are allocated bandwidth on an FDDI ring:• Asynchronous traffic (unrestricted and rest

66 SunFDDI/P1.0 AdapterUser’sGuide—May19976The maximum time for which a station can hold the permission token, andtherefore the time for which a stati

FDDINetworkArchitecture 676• Network load• Network efficiency• Processor speed (on the FDDI stations)• Bus architectureThere are a number of ways of i

68 SunFDDI/P1.0 AdapterUser’sGuide—May19976

69FDDINetworkTopologies7FDDI networks can be arranged in a variety of ways, depending on theplacement of stations (SAS and DAS) and the use of concent

70 SunFDDI/P1.0 AdapterUser’sGuide—May19977BasicDual-RingNetworkThe dual ring (or dual, counter-rotating ring) is one of the simplest FDDInetwork topo

FDDINetworkTopologies 717When a ring fails, the primary ring is wrapped automatically on either side ofthe fault so that the primary and secondary rin

72 SunFDDI/P1.0 AdapterUser’sGuide—May19977StandaloneConcentratorFigure 7-3 shows multiple single-attached stations connected to a single,dual-attache

FDDINetworkTopologies 737usage, and are less likely to be switched off. As a result, a standaloneconcentrator provides a more reliable network than th